Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

The efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) in treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are unknown. Up to June 21, 2023, we conducted a systematic search for RCTs, and then extracted and synthesized data using random effects models. Five RCTs involving 507 patients with TRD (243 in the active dTMS group and 264 in the control group) were included in the present study. The active dTMS group showed significantly higher study-defined response rate (45.3% versus 24.2%, n = 507, risk ratio [RR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-2.91, I2 = 53%; P = 0.005) and study-defined remission rate (38.3% versus 14.4%, n = 507, RR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.30-4.32, I2 = 58%; P = 0.005) and superiority in improving depressive symptoms (n = 507, standardized mean difference = -0.65, 95%CI: -1.11--0.18, I2 = 82%; P = 0.006) than the control group. In terms of cognitive functions, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. The two groups also showed similar rates of other adverse events and all-cause discontinuations (P > 0.05). dTMS is an effective and safe treatment strategy for the management of patients with TRD.

The Relationship Between Overparenting and Social Avoidance Among Emerging Adults: Mediating Role of Peer Attachment and Gender Differences.

Purpose: We aim to explore the relationship between overparenting and social avoidance among emerging adults, and the mediating effects of peer attachment and gender differences. Participants and Methods: A total of 1161 Chinese college students completed the questionnaire. The structural equation model was established to validate the main effect model and the mediation model. Results: The results found that both paternal and maternal overparenting positively predicted social avoidance among emerging adults. Both attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety played a significant mediating role in the relationship between paternal overparenting and social avoidance. Attachment anxiety played a significant mediating role in the relationship between maternal overparenting and social avoidance, while, the mediating effect of attachment avoidance was not significant. In addition, gender differences were found in the mediating effects of peer attachment. The mediating effect of attachment anxiety in males' families had an opposite-gender matching effect, while in females' families, the mediating effect of attachment avoidance had an opposite-gender matching effect. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of the effects of overparenting on emerging adults, enriching empirical research in related fields.

Disease-controlled multiple myeloma in a patient with 17p gain and t(4;14): A case report.

Cytogenetic karyotypes such as t(4; 14), del(17p), t(14; 16), t(14; 20), and TP53 mutations are associated with high-risk multiple-myeloma (MM) and indicate poor prognosis. Therefore, cytogenetic testing is extremely important for determining prognosis of MM. However, the aberrant karyotypes reported in the current literature are incomplete. The cytogenetic karyotype 17p gain has not received widespread attention, and its relationship with MM prognosis is unknown; additionally, the prognosis of 17p gain associated with t(4; 14) has not been studied in depth. Therefore, we introduce a special case in which a patient had both 17p gain and t(4; 14). An 81-year-old woman was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine for stomach discomfort. The patient had no relevant medical history. Laboratory tests, immunophenotyping, and haematological results suggested MM, and cytogenetic tests indicated 17p gain and t(4; 14) with no other abnormalities. She was treated with two different chemotherapeutic regimens and achieved very good partial response, but eventually experienced biochemical relapses after discontinuing therapy. However, she eventually achieved good disease control with a bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone-based regimen; she has survived longer than 5 years, much longer than the 1 year reported for MM patients with t(4:14), and been progression-free more than 3 years. We use this case to explore the possible relationship between the 17p gain and prognosis of patients with MM, as well as the treatment of MM with high-risk cytogenetic karyotypes. This case enriches the clinical application of cytogenetic analysis and adds important indicators for the prognosis of MM patients.

Soybean steroids improve crop abiotic stress tolerance and increase yield.

Sterols have long been associated with diverse fields, such as cancer treatment, drug development, and plant growth; however, their underlying mechanisms and functions remain enigmatic. Here, we unveil a critical role played by a GmNF-YC9-mediated CCAAT-box transcription complex in modulating the steroid metabolism pathway within soybeans. Specifically, this complex directly activates squalene monooxygenase (GmSQE1), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of either GmNF-YC9 or GmSQE1 significantly enhances soybean stress tolerance, while the inhibition of SQE weakens this tolerance. Field experiments conducted over two seasons further reveal increased yields per plant in both GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing plants under drought stress conditions. This enhanced stress tolerance is attributed to the reduction of abiotic stress-induced cell oxidative damage. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses shed light on the upregulation of multiple sterol compounds, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, in GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing soybean plants under stress conditions. Intriguingly, the application of soybean steroids, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, significantly improves drought tolerance in soybean, wheat, foxtail millet, and maize. These findings underscore the pivotal role of soybean steroids in countering oxidative stress in plants and offer a new research strategy for enhancing crop stress tolerance and quality from gene regulation to chemical intervention.

Circulating microRNAs in association with pancreatic cancer risk within 5 years.

Early detection is critical for improving pancreatic cancer prognosis. Our study aims to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with pancreatic cancer risk. The two-stage study used plasma samples collected ≤5 years prior to cancer diagnosis, from case-control studies nested in five prospective cohort studies. The discovery stage included 185 case-control pairs from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Replication stage samples comprised 277 pairs from Shanghai Women's Health Study/Shanghai Men's Health Study, Southern Community Cohort Study, and Multiethnic Cohort Study. Seven hundred and ninety-eight miRNAs were measured using the NanoString nCounter Analysis System. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for per 10% change in miRNAs in association with pancreatic cancer risk were derived from conditional logistic regression analysis in discovery and replication studies, separately, and then meta-analyzed. Stratified analysis was conducted by age at diagnosis (<65/≥65 years) and time interval between sample collection and diagnosis (≤2/>2 years). In the discovery stage, 120 risk associated miRNAs were identified at p < .05. Three were validated in the replication stage: hsa-miR-199a-3p/hsa-miR-199b-3p, hsa-miR-767-5p, and hsa-miR-191-5p, with respective ORs (95% CI) being 0.89 (0.84-0.95), 1.08 (1.02-1.13), and 0.90 (0.85-0.95). Five additional miRNAs, hsa-miR-640, hsa-miR-874-5p, hsa-miR-1299, hsa-miR-22-3p, and hsa-miR-449b-5p, were validated among patients diagnosed at ≥65 years, with OR (95% CI) of 1.23 (1.09-1.39), 1.33 (1.16-1.52), 1.25 (1.09-1.43), 1.28 (1.12-1.46), 0.76 (0.65-0.89), and 1.22 (1.07-1.39), respectively. The miRNA targets were enriched in pancreatic carcinogenesis/progression-related pathways. Our study suggests that circulating miRNAs may identify individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer ≤5 years prior to diagnosis, indicating its potential utility in cancer screening and surveillance.

Highly Durable Silicone-Based Elastomers Achieved Through the Synergy of Bi-Incompatible Soft Segments and Multi-Scale Hydrogen Bonds.

Developing a silicone elastomer with high strength, exceptional toughness, good crack tolerance, healability, and recyclability, poses significant challenges due to the inherent trade-offs between these properties. Herein, the design of silicone-based elastomers with a nanoscopic microphase separation structure and comprehensive mechanical properties is achieved by combining bi-incompatible soft segments and multi-scale hydrogen bonds. The formation of multi-scale hydrogen bonds involving urethane, urea, and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) facilitates efficient reversible crosslinking of the synthesized polymer containing thermodynamically incompatible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG). The dynamic dissociation and recombination of hydrogen bonds, coupled with the forced compatibility and spontaneous separation of bi-incompatible soft segments, can effectively dissipate energy, particularly in the crack region during the stretching process. The obtained silicone-based elastomer exhibits a high break strength of 8.0 MPa, good elongation at break of 1910%, ultrahigh toughness of 67.8 MJ m-3, and unprecedented fracture energy of 31.8 kJ m-2 while maintaining their thermal stability, hydrophobicity, healability, and recyclability. This resilient and long-lasting silicone-based elastomer exhibits significant potential for use in flexible electronic devices.

Ultralow-Loading Ruthenium-Iridium Fuel Cell Catalysts Dispersed on Zn-N Species-Doped Carbon.

Developing low-loading platinum-group-metal (PGM) catalysts is one of the key challenges in commercializing anion-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells (AEMFCs), especially for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). Here, ruthenium-iridium nanoparticles being deposited on a Zn-N species-doped carbon carrier (Ru6Ir/Zn-N-C) are synthesized and used as an anodic catalyst for AEMFCs. Ru6Ir/Zn-N-C shows extremely high mass activity (5.87 A mgPGM -1) and exchange current density (0.92 mA cm-2), which is 15.1 and 3.9 times that of commercial Pt/C, respectively. Based on the Ru6Ir/Zn-N-C AEMFCs achieve a peak power density of 1.50 W cm-2, surpassing the state-of-the-art commercial PtRu catalysts and the power ratio of the normalized loading is 14.01 W mgPGM anode -1 or 5.89 W mgPGM -1 after decreasing the anode loading (87.49 µg cm-2) or the total PGM loading (0.111 mg cm-2), satisfying the US Department of Energy's PGM loading target. Moreover, the solvent and solute isotope separation method is used for the first time to reveal the kinetic process of HOR, which shows the reaction is influenced by the adsorption of H2O and OH-. The improvement of the hydrogen bond network connectivity of the electric double layer by adjusting the interfacial H2O structure together with the optimized HBE and OHBE is proposed to be responsible for the high HOR activity of Ru6Ir/Zn-N-C.

Implantable Resistive Strain Sensor-Decorated Colloidal Crystal Hydrogel Catheter for Intestinal Tract Pressure Sensing.

In the quest to develop advanced monitoring systems for intestinal peristaltic stress, this study introduces a groundbreaking approach inspired by nature's sensory networks. By the integration of novel materials and innovative manufacturing techniques, a multifunctional Janus hydrogel patch has been engineered. This unique patch not only demonstrates superior stress-sensing capabilities in the intricate intestinal environment but also enables adhesion to wet tissue surfaces. This achievement opens new avenues for real-time physiological monitoring and potential therapeutic interventions in the realm of gastrointestinal health.

Anticoagulation for Patients With Concomitant Atrial Fibrillation and End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Concomitant atrial fibrillation and end-stage renal disease is common and associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Although oral anticoagulants have been well established to prevent thromboembolism, the applicability in patients under long-term dialysis remains debatable. The study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in the dialysis-dependent population. METHODS AND RESULTS: An updated network meta-analysis based on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed. Studies published up to December 2022 were included. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban 2.5/5 mg twice daily), vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), and no anticoagulation were compared on safety and efficacy outcomes. The outcomes of interest were major bleeding, thromboembolism, and all-cause death. A total of 42 studies, including 3 randomized controlled trials, with 185 864 subjects were pooled. VKAs were associated with a significantly higher risk of major bleeding than either no anticoagulation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.34-1.61) or DOACs (DOACs versus VKAs; HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.64-0.84]). For the prevention of thromboembolism, the efficacies of VKAs, DOACs, and no anticoagulation were equivalent. Nevertheless, dabigatran and rivaroxaban were associated with fewer embolic events. There were no differences in all-cause death with the administration of VKAs, DOACs, or no anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: For dialysis-dependent populations, dabigatran and rivaroxaban were associated with better efficacy, while dabigatran and apixaban demonstrated better safety. No anticoagulation was a noninferior alterative, and VKAs were associated with the worst outcomes.

Jolkinolide B synergistically potentiates the antitumor activity of GPX4 inhibitors via inhibiting TrxR1 in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells.

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a promising anticancer therapeutic target; however, the application of GPX4 inhibitors (GPX4i) is limited owing to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Hence, understanding the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and discovering molecules that can overcome drug resistance are crucial. Herein, we demonstrated that GPX4i killed bladder cancer cells by inducing lipid reactive oxygen species-mediated ferroptosis and apoptosis, and cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells were also resistant to GPX4i, representing a higher half-maximal inhibitory concentration value than that of parent bladder cancer cells. In addition, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) overexpression was responsible for GPX4i resistance in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells, and inhibiting TrxR1 restored the sensitivity of these cells to GPX4i. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that Jolkinolide B (JB), a natural diterpenoid and previously identified as a TrxR1 inhibitor, potentiated the antiproliferative efficacy of GPX4i (RSL3 and ML162) against cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, GPX4 knockdown and inhibition could augment JB-induced paraptosis and apoptosis. Our results suggest that inhibiting TrxR1 can effectively improve GPX4 inhibition-based anticancer therapy. A combination of JB and GPX4i, which is well-tolerated and has several anticancer mechanisms, may serve as a promising therapy for treating bladder cancer.

Analysis and monitoring of drug therapy in a patient with peptic ulcer complicated by infection: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The role of primary-level medical pharmacists in medical institutions in China is limited; therefore, it is necessary to explore the role of pharmacists in the process of drug treatment. CASE SUMMARY: A Chinese pharmacist participated in the complete treatment of a patient with a duodenal ulcer. The rationale for drug treatment was evaluated, and adjustments were made to the antacid and anti-infective regimen, as well as the dose and frequency of administration. Body temperature, routine blood examination, and adverse drug reactions were strictly monitored. During treatment, the pharmacist recommended anti-infective therapy with ampicillin-sulbactam, which effectively controlled the infection. Additionally, the pharmacist suggested changing famotidine to lansoprazole for acid suppression and gastroprotective treatment, combined with Chinese patent medicine such as Kangfuxin Liquid. This is the first case report of a pharmacist in primary-level medical institutions adjusting drug use for patients with duodenal ulcer and pulmonary infection. CONCLUSION: A pharmacist participated in the treatment process, provided individualized medication adjustment, and achieved good clinical results.

Effects of Helicobacter pylori and Moluodan on the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in mice with precancerous gastric cancer lesions.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), the Wnt/ß-Catenin signaling pathway is closely linked to tumourigenesis. GC has a high mortality rate and treatment cost, and there are no drugs to prevent the progression of gastric precancerous lesions to GC. Therefore, it is necessary to find a novel drug that is inexpensive and preventive to against GC. AIM: To explore the effects of H. pylori and Moluodan on the Wnt/ß-Catenin signaling pathway and precancerous lesions of GC (PLGC). METHODS: Mice were divided into the control, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), H. pylori + MNU, and Moluodan groups. We first created an H. pylori infection model in the H. pylori + MNU and Moluodan groups. A PLGC model was created in the remaining three groups except for the control group. Moluodan was fed to mice in the Moloudan group ad libitum. The general condition of mice were observed during the whole experiment period. Gastric tissues of mice were grossly and microscopically examined. Through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, the expression of relevant genes were detected. RESULTS: Mice in the H. pylori + MNU group showed the worst performance in general condition, gastric tissue visual and microscopic observation, followed by the MNU group, Moluodan group and the control group. QRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression of relevant genes, the results showed that the H. pylori + MNU group had the highest expression, followed by the MNU group, Moluodan group and the control group. CONCLUSION: H. pylori can activate the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, thereby facilitating the development and progression of PLGC. Moluodan suppressed the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, thereby decreasing the progression of PLGC.

A universal method for profiling and characterization of oligosaccharides in traditional Chinese medicines.

Oligosaccharides constitute fundamental components in numerous traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Conventional chromatographic methods for natural product analysis are not suitable for oligosaccharides due to their large polarity and structural similarity. Herein, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detector (UHPLC-CAD) method was developed for the profiling of oligosaccharides using 9 neutral (DP3-DP11) reference oligosaccharides. Various factors, including columns, mobile phase, elution conditions, flow rate, and column temperature were systematically examined. Optimal separation was achieved using an Amide column with gradient elution within 18 min, at 0.5 mL/min flow rate and 30°C column temperature. Moreover, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was also optimized to provide structural information. The developed method was applied to detect oligosaccharides in several TCMs, including Morindae Officinalis Radix (MOR), Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (MHH) and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (CIF), revealing 9 and 16 oligosaccharides being uncovered from MHH and CIF respectively for the first time. This study presents a versatile UHPLC-CAD and UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS method with the potential for advancing oligosaccharides discovery and contributing to the quality analysis of TCMs.

Internal valvuloplasty combined with sleeve wrapping in the treatment of severe great saphenous vein insufficiency: A report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Great saphenous vein (GSV) valve incompetence is one of the most common manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in the lower limbs. There have been no reported attempts to repair the valve prior to the appearance of varicose morphology. METHOD: We describe two cases. Before surgery, the male patient had obvious pigmentation in the ankle area, and the female patient had obvious pain and swelling in the lower limbs after prolonged standing. Neither patient has obvious varicose veins. After retrograde venography, both patients were found to have severe reflux of the GSV valves (Kinster IV). We performed internal valvuloplasty and sleeve wrapping in two patients. RESULTS: After surgery, both patients had a significant improvement in symptoms and no particular complaints. Vascular ultrasound also suggested a good outcome. CONCLUSION: This surgery is safe and feasible in the treatment of early GSV incompetence, with good short-term results; long-term results remain to be seen.

Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preterm birth in nulliparous women: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preterm birth in nulliparous women. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to June 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials that compared aspirin to placebo in nulliparous women were eligible. METHODS: This study was reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 checklist. The primary outcomes of this study were the rates of preterm birth at less than 37 weeks and less than 34 weeks of gestation. The secondary outcomes included postpartum hemorrhage, placental abruption, cesarean section, any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and small for gestational age. Relative risks with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated for analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and Higgins's I2. A random-effects model was used when I2 was > 50% to generate the RR and 95% CI; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was used. The risk of publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. We performed sensitivity analysis by sequentially omitting each included study to confirm the robustness of the analysis. RESULTS: Seven studies with a total of 29,029 participants were included in this review. Six studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias or an unclear risk of bias, and one study was judged as having a high risk of bias. In nulliparous women, low-dose aspirin was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of preterm birth at less than 34 weeks of gestational age (RR 0.84,95% CI: 0.71-0.99; I2 = 0%; P = 0.04), but we did not observe a significant difference in the rate of preterm birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation (RR 0.96,95% CI: 0.90-1.02; I2 = 31%; P = 0.18). Low-dose aspirin was associated with a significant increase in the rates of postpartum hemorrhage (RR 1.32,95% CI: 1.14-1.54; I2 = 0%; P = 0.0003), placental abruption (RR 2.18,95% CI: 1.10-4.32; I2 = 16%; P = 0.02) and cesarean section (RR 1.053, 95% CI: 1.001-1.108; I2 = 0%; P = 0.05) in nulliparous women. We also did not observe a significant effect of low-dose aspirin on the rates of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (RR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.96-1.14; I2 = 9%; P = 0.28) or small for gestational age (RR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91-1.02; I2 = 0%; P = 0.16) in nulliparous women. Funnel plots indicated that no significant publication bias existed in this meta-analysis. Except for preterm birth at less than 34 weeks of gestation, placental abruption and cesarean section, the sensitivity analysis showed similar results, which confirmed the robustness of this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose aspirin might reduce the risk of preterm birth at less than 34 weeks of gestation in nulliparous women. The use of low-dose aspirin in nulliparous women increased the risk of postpartum hemorrhage and might increase the risk of placental abruption and cesarean section.

Towards a better psychological satisfaction: developing a mixed multi-criteria evaluation system to urban 'Not in my back yard' facilities siting.

'Not in My Back Yard (NIMBY)' facilities are psychologically sensitive to urban and regional development. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method has been widely used for the decision-making of optimum siting of urban NIMBY facilities which aim to improve residents' psychological satisfaction. However, the evaluation of qualitative criteria in siting analysis remains under researched, such as the insufficient focus on urban and regional spatial development, social public opinion, and psychological factors. Thus, the effective improvement of MCE method through an interdisciplinary view can optimise the decision process and advance the factor assessment system of siting, which helps to supplement qualitative criteria evaluation. The specific improvement steps are as follows. The first step is to introduce the mixed MCE method to improve the qualitative criteria evaluation method by pre-processing qualitative criteria with min-max standardisation and normalization. This process transfers all negative factors to positive ones and transforms the F function to linear functions. The second step is to optimise the existing two-phase siting decision-making including the feasibility evaluation phase and the MCE phase. The third step is to propose a modular criteria system composed of urban and regional spatial planning, social psychological factors and the corresponding improvement strategy of this system from three perspectives of composition, measure, and weight. We argue that the improved method could be broadly applied to optimum siting decision of urban NIMBY facilities and enhance the psychological satisfaction of residents.

Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from a tertiary hospital in Beijing.

Objective: To examine the effects of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes and determine the optimal range of weight gain during pregnancy for Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 691 Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 2012 to 2020. The study utilized a statistical-based approach to determine the optimal range of gestational weight gain. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. Results: (1) In the obese subgroup, gestational weight gain below the recommendations was associated with decreased risks of large for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.60) and macrosomia (aOR 0.18; 95% CI 0.05-0.69). In the normal weight subgroup, gestational weight gain below the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine was associated with decreased risks of preeclampsia (aOR 0.18; 95% CI 0.04-0.82) and neonatal hypoglycemia (aOR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15-0.97). (2) In the normal weight subgroup, gestational weight gain above the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine was associated with an increased risk of large for gestational age (aOR 4.56; 95% CI 1.54-13.46). In the obese subgroup, gestational weight gain above the recommendations was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (aOR 2.74; 95% CI 1.02, 7.38). (3) The optimal ranges of gestational weight gain, based on our study, were 9-16 kg for underweight women, 9.5-14 kg for normal weight women, 6.5-12 kg for overweight women, and 3-10 kg for obese women. (4) Using the optimal range of gestational weight gain identified in our study seemed to provide better prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: For Chinese women with type 2 diabetes, inappropriate gestational weight gain is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the optimal range of gestational weight gain may differ from the Institute of Medicine recommendations.

Photothermal Synergic Cross-Linking Hole Transport Layer for Highly Efficient RGB QLEDs.

Developing an insoluble cross-linkable hole transport layer (HTL) plays an important role for solution-processed quantum dots light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) to fabricate a multilayer device with separated quantum dots layers and HTLs. In this work, a facile photothermal synergic cross-linking strategy is simultaneous annealing and UV irradiation to form the high-quality cross-linked film as the HTL without any photoinitiator, which efficiently reduces the cross-linking temperature to the low temperature of 130 °C and enhances the hole mobility of the 3-vinyl-9-{4-[4-(3-vinylcarbazol-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl}carbazole (CBP-V) thin films. The obtained high-quality cross-linked CBP-V films exhibited smooth morphology, excellent solvent resistance, and high mobility. Moreover, the high-performance red, green, and blue (RGB) QLEDs are successfully fabricated by using the photothermal synergic cross-linked HTLs, which achieved the maximum external quantum efficiency of 25.69, 24.42, and 16.51%, respectively. This work presents a strategy of using the photothermal synergic cross-linked HTLs for fabrication of high-performance QLEDs and advancing their related device applications.

A fresh perspective on dissociation mechanism of cellulose in DMAc/LiCl system based on Li bond theory.

In this case, various characterization technologies have been employed to probe dissociation mechanism of cellulose in N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) system. These results indicate that coordination of DMAc ligands to the Li+-Cl- ion pair results in the formation of a series of Lix(DMAc)yClz (x = 1, 2; y = 1, 2, 3, 4; z = 1, 2) complexes. Analysis of interaction between DMAc ligand and Li center indicate that Li bond plays a major role for the formation of these Lix(DMAc)yClz complexes. And the saturation and directionality of Li bond in these Lix(DMAc)yClz complexes are found to be a tetrahedral structure. The hydrogen bonds between two cellulose chains could be broken at the nonreduced end of cellulose molecule via combined effects of basicity of Cl- ion and steric hindrance of [Li (DMAc)4]+ unit. The unique feature of Li bond in Lix(DMAc)yClz complexes is a key factor in determination of the dissociation mechanism.